Hello friends,
Been doing a lot of experimenting these last few weeks, and am happy to report I have not had this issue in 48 hours! If this changes, I'll comment again / update this post.
What I did was update my BIOS, reinstall the drivers, change my Windows settings so Windows can no longer control when a USB device gets powered - all the stuff that was suggested earlier in the thread. This... helped? Certainly didn't 'fix' the issue. Here's the tl;dr of what did:
My microphone (Blue Yeti, USB mic) had a bad usb-power connection. I'm not sure how to phrase it exactly, but the USB cable that went into my Yeti was a bit wobbly. I think it's called the USB port. Took it apart, made the power cable entrance fit a bit more snuggly, zero problems since.
Here's a video that I used to fix the issue:
Hypothesis of why this worked: the Blue Yeti (and perhaps one of your devices?) can act as an audio playback device. Note that in my case, it should not have, but perhaps sometimes it lost power, regained power, overwrote the Windows setting that said my AxeFx was the primary playback device, and the whole system crapped itself until I rebooted the AxeFx.
I have now completely disabled every single audio playback device aside from the AxeFx. This, combined with fixing the Blue Yeti (which, again, I'd like to emphasize can act as a playback device)'s power supply, has fixed my issue.
Hope this provides y'all with some more information and a possible solution. I'll stick around in this thread to provide updates on my situation, and to help others where I can.
Cheers!